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Vital to consider household size, expenses

TiramisuCoffee — Tue, 23 May 2023 11:00:44 +0800

https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2023...d-size-expenses

By ZAKIAH KOYA

Tuesday, 23 May 2023

PETALING JAYA: If the effects of household size when setting the cut-offs are not taken into consideration, it can lead to misclassifications of households, say economists.

Using household income alone for identification could cause the government to end up having to categorise everything else, they opined.

Dr Suraya Ismail, a director of Khazanah Research Institute, said the current practice of identifying households in the B40 group does not adjust for different household sizes, composition and the economies of scale arising from living together.

“The terms T20, M40 and B40 are a distribution of household incomes. It is just a percentage, not based on any exact criteria. It was first created by the World Bank in the 1970s and 1980s to compare between countries whether the B40 of Country A was worse or better off than the B40 of Country B. That is all it was meant to do.

“However, what Malaysia did was to take the B40 as a shorthand for the poor, which is wrong. Additionally, the M40 is seen as the middle class, which is also wrong. We have written on this extensively back in 2018 in our report called ‘Demarcation of Households’. “This approach (of using the categories) does not capture situations in which households may have a higher income but also a high number of dependants.

“For example, two households with a monthly income of RM10,000 each would probably be classified as the top 20% households.

“However, if the first household is smaller, these two may not be enjoying the same standard of living.

“A simple approach would be to consider household per capita income. However, there are cost savings and the economies of scale effects from living together, which result in lower expenditure per household member for a larger household.

“Standardising household income by utilising an equivalence scale could help provide a better estimate of living standards that would be comparable across households with different compositions,” said Suraya, who is also a member of the National Costs of Living Council.

“Not considering the effects of household size when drawing the cut-offs could lead to misclassifications of households, placing those who might be in the lower income group (e.g. B40) into higher income groups.

“Results from our analysis found households’ ranking in the income distribution changed after their incomes were adjusted to account for household size. Some 80.2% of households that were initially identified as B40 remained as B40, while the residual B40 households were reclassified as M40.

“Among households that were initially in the M40 group, around 70% remained in the same income group, while another 20% moved down to B40 and 10% moved up to T20.

“Similarly, for households which were initially in the T20 group, only 78.4% remained in the same income group and the rest was pushed down to M40,” she added.

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia economist Prof Tan Sri Dr Noor Azlan Ghazali said with such a categorisation, even the countries which have the highest income per capita such as Luxembourg would then have B40s (despite them earning well enough to live by).

Prof Noor Azlan, who had served past governments in various economic councils, said “we seem to have overused the relative income demarcations, which are actually labelled so to see where one stands to the rest of the citizens”.

“Instead of stating that T20s should pay more, the government should rather look at pricing based on consumption. If you are poor, but you use more electricity, then you are just paying more. There are T20s who use a much cheaper car to move around, as compared to a lower-income earner who might use a more expensive car.

“Policies should be made along consumption lines. If this is not done, the government would face what we economists call the problem of identification,” he said.

“The issue is the pricing mechanism of the utilities – it must be priced along with the consumption pattern.

“If the provider is a monopoly (such as Tenaga Nasional or highway operators) or an ‘almost-monopoly’ such as Tabung Haji – the economic logic is they will discriminate against the inelastic consumers. This might then end up being abused.

“The government must then come in and ensure the pricing mechanism is according to the consumption pattern, rather than the classification of household incomes,” said Noor Azlan.

The experts’ caution comes after Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim announced yesterday that T20s may have to pay more for electricity tariffs and haj trips.

Inflation Worldwide

TiramisuCoffee — Thu, 18 May 2023 15:06:05 +0800

Really v r d world… kita semua sama je… Feel free 2 share similar videos fr other countries …
[YOUTUBE]0NQcMef1EeE[/YOUTUBE]
[YOUTUBE]6dgE7Lp5j_w[/YOUTUBE]
[YOUTUBE]taiI6Wda79k[/YOUTUBE]

How long do you welcome overseas relatives

TiramisuCoffee — Mon, 08 May 2023 22:34:33 +0800

Stay with u means, other than providing a roof , u r 2 oso provide transport, food n play d role of shopping /go hol buddy…

Living & Dying Alone

TiramisuCoffee — Sat, 29 Apr 2023 22:44:22 +0800

[YOUTUBE]gGTg_0VNojQ[/YOUTUBE]
27 Apr 2023 #CNAInsider #Japan #USA
In Japan, the average household had four members in the 1980s. As of 2020, 38% are single-member households. But the pace of households shrinking to just one person is rising fast. It’s likely to exceed 40% of all households very soon. Michiyo Ishida checks out a new solo dining trend amid the shifting social structure.

In South Korea, the rise of single-person households is also bringing sweeping changes to many sectors, including the funeral industry. Lim Yun Suk finds out why more young Koreans are choosing to stay single, with some even wanting to plan ahead for their funerals.

In the United States, Sally Patterson examines the price that solo living carries. Research shows singles in the nation fork out thousands of extra dollars on rent in what’s being called a ‘single’s tax’, as more Americans are unpartnered - meaning neither married nor living with a partner - than ever before.

0:17 Japan’s growing singles population
7:54 Funeral traditions shift as South Korea greys
15:15 Solo living carries a price in New York

Kad TnGo Bodo!

TiramisuCoffee — Tue, 04 Apr 2023 19:37:41 +0800

My cerita sial today…

Upon reaching exit toll my TnGo1 not able to open toll gate. So I used my spare (TnG2) and it suddenly opened swallowing RM44 as penalty cos it claimed there’s no toll entry record ! WTF!

My Q is this, what will happen if I use TnGo1 at toll tomorrow? What will happen to that toll entry record today? Will it auto expire or it will charge me dunno what amount pulak etc etc.

Is Foot Massager worth buying?

TiramisuCoffee — Wed, 22 Mar 2023 09:28:25 +0800

Can it really do reflexology ? Any really gud brand 2 rekomen?

How’s ur relationship with siblings?

TiramisuCoffee — Sat, 11 Mar 2023 20:51:16 +0800

Let’s check check.. ?

Giant Closing Sale

TiramisuCoffee — Sat, 04 Mar 2023 12:45:32 +0800

So when Giant closing down? Everything must go?! Nak sapu ni…

0 calorie sweetener linked2 heart attack/stroke

TiramisuCoffee — Tue, 28 Feb 2023 21:57:09 +0800

[YOUTUBE]o0Q-q-P7wN0[/YOUTUBE]

Rekomen me alternative 2 morning coffee

TiramisuCoffee — Tue, 14 Feb 2023 19:34:38 +0800

Plan to quit morning coffee … Any healthier alternatives ?

What time is your dinner?

TiramisuCoffee — Mon, 06 Feb 2023 14:36:34 +0800

TQ 4 participating in poll!

Early retirement = earlier death

TiramisuCoffee — Sat, 04 Feb 2023 17:43:38 +0800

Takut mati tlg x retire!

https://www.phillytrib.com/news/health/tips...1c53434e03.html

Retirement is a phase that most of us will experience. But should we just ride off into the sunset and accept retirement as a phase we all have to live with? In a study of Shell Oil employees it was found that people that retired at 55 and lived to be 65 died 37% sooner than those that retired at 65. They also found that people who retired at age 55 were 89% more likely to die within 10 years than those that retired at 65. Social Security data noted the trend, as well. Men that retire at 62 had a 20% higher likelihood of death than the general population.

Stuffy Nose

TiramisuCoffee — Wed, 01 Feb 2023 16:01:29 +0800

Nothing to do with flu… Sinus? Like getting in/out car/building/room…more so at nite … blocked nose interrupts straight 8 hrs sleep. Any cure ?

CGTN Super Nite: Spring Festival Special23

TiramisuCoffee — Sat, 21 Jan 2023 22:02:34 +0800

Enjoy!
[YOUTUBE]PwgJ3CsfWZg[/YOUTUBE]

6 dotters cook CNY eve reunion dinner

TiramisuCoffee — Sat, 21 Jan 2023 21:30:51 +0800

Dotters all know how 2 cook, bilingual mandarin/english… D wifu very mirip gongli the actress rite?
[YOUTUBE]qzJhldj0UWQ[/YOUTUBE]

Mechanic bring car home…?

TiramisuCoffee — Tue, 10 Jan 2023 17:22:25 +0800

So my aunty sent her car for repair last week. Was told major issue etc… need check check check … must park car there over the weekend. Collected car yesterday evening and realised car mileage has increased by +100km…

What do you think happened? She paiseh confront “ her mechanic fren”…

Usually a mechanic need test drive a car how many km max max max?

A Very Naise Song ohhh!

TiramisuCoffee — Thu, 29 Sep 2022 16:09:05 +0800

[YOUTUBE]CLudHVOh6wU[/YOUTUBE]

Really? Their Luv 😍Child? 🙀

TiramisuCoffee — Fri, 16 Sep 2022 12:31:07 +0800

Ohh Oooo…

Aussie who claims he is Charles and Camilla's lovechild says it is 'a kick in the face' to see William named Prince of Wales and insists he will bring legal action to prove his heritage despite Queen's death

Mr Dorante-Day was born in Portsmouth, UK, on April 5, 1966 and was adopted at eight months old before his family later settled in Australia.

Both of Mr Dorante-Day's adoptive grandparents had worked for the Queen and Prince Philip in one of their royal households and he claims his adoptive grandmother told him he was the son of Charles and Camilla.

Mr Dorante-Day's case alleges King Charles and Queen consort Camilla began their close relationship in 1965, a year before his birth certificate says he was born.

He claims that Queen consort Camilla was absent from the British social scene and King Charles was sent on a trip to Australia nine months before he was born.

Mr Dorante-Day insists that Camilla kept him until he was eight months old, hiding him from the world with the help of the royal family and protection officers, and claims to have been told it was a condition of the adoption that his names Simon and Charles were not changed.

However by eight months he was growing too big to hide and it was arranged for the daughter of a royal household staff member - Mr Dorante-Day's adoptive grandmother - to take him under her care.

Mr Dorante-Day believes inconsistencies on his birth certificate and his name also prove he is of royal blood.

But his timeline of events contradicts official records that say the new King and Camilla met each other five years after Mr Dorante-Day's birth.

Mr Dorante-Day claimed his research suggests Charles and Camilla first became close in 1965, meeting at Winston Churchill's funeral in January of that year.

However, Charles and Camilla are widely reported to have met at a polo match in Windsor Great Park in 1970.

Legend has it that she introduced herself with the line: 'You know, sir, my great-grandmother was the mistress of your great-great-grandfather - so how about it?' - a reference to Edward VII and his mistress, Alice Keppel.

She eventually married Charles in 2005, 10 years after her divorce from Andrew Parker Bowles in 1995.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11...ince-Wales.html

Looks like father?

Or grandma?

Let it fall, let it fall, let it fall

TiramisuCoffee — Sat, 27 Aug 2022 15:51:55 +0800

Raining again! Let it fall, home safe!

[YOUTUBE]F2Cm_4573fs[/YOUTUBE]

If it's gonna be a rainy day
There's nothing we can do to make it change
We can pray for sunny weather
But that won't stop the rain
Feeling like you got no place to run
I can be your shelter 'til it's done
We can make this last forever
So please don't stop the rain

(Let it fall, let it fall, let it fall)
Please don't stop the rain
(Let it fall, let it fall, let it fall)
Please don't stop the rain

Which bank bestest online ?

TiramisuCoffee — Fri, 26 Aug 2022 09:23:33 +0800

Which? Fr your experience?